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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0003, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357125

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the use of subconjuctival administration of the anti-tumor necrosis factor agent adalimumab for treatment of dry eye in patients with Sjögren's syndrome, and to investigate conjunctival healing. Methods Prospective, nonrandomized, noncomparative interventional case series including consecutive patients with Sjögren's syndrome and dry eye disease treated with subconjunctival adalimumab, who were refractory to conventional treatment. Patients with infectious ocular surface involvement or structural changes in the tear pathway or eyelids were excluded. Data recorded included age, sex, lissamine green staining pattern, Schirmer test results, intraocular pressure, conjunctival mobility, tear break up time and findings of biomicroscopic evaluation, following fluorescein dye instillation. The Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire validated for the Portuguese language was used for subjective assessment of patients. Results Eleven eyes of eight patients were studied. Mean patient age was 53±13.4 years. Patients were treated with subconjunctival injection of 0.03 mL of adalimumab and followed for 90 days thereafter. There were no statistically significant objective improvement (objective tests results; p>0.05) and no statistically significant changes in intraocular pressure (p=0.11). Questionnaire responses revealed a significant improvement in ocular symptoms (p=0.002). Conclusion Based on the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, subconjunctival administration of adalimumab improved dry eye symptoms. However, objective assessments failed to reveal statistically significant improvements.


RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o uso subconjuntival do antifator de necrose tumoral adalimumabe para o tratamento do olho seco em pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren e avaliar a cicatrização conjuntival. Métodos Série de casos intervencionista com desenho prospectivo, não randomizado, não comparativo. O medicamento adalimumabe foi aplicado em região subconjuntival em pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren e olho seco que eram resistentes a outras terapias convencionais. Pacientes com patologias oculares de origem infecciosa ou com alterações estruturais nas vias lacrimais e pálpebras foram excluídos do estudo. Os dados coletados incluíram idade, sexo, teste com lisamina verde, teste de Schirmer, pressão intraocular, mobilidade conjuntival, teste de ruptura do filme lacrimal, e avaliação biomicroscópica com colírio de fluoresceína. Além disso, o questionário Ocular Surface Disease Index validado para a língua portuguesa foi aplicado com objetivo de avaliar subjetivamente a resposta dos pacientes ao tratamento. Resultados Onze olhos de oito pacientes foram estudados. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 53±13,4 anos. A dose aplicada de adalimumabe subconjuntival foi de 0,03mL, e a duração do seguimento foi de 90 dias após a injeção. Não houve melhora estatisticamente significativa nos testes objetivos (todos apresentaram p>0,05). A pressão intraocular também não sofreu variações estatisticamente significativas (p=0,11). Entretanto, por meio do questionário, foi registrada melhora significativa dos sintomas oculares (p=0,002). Conclusão O uso do adalimumabe subconjuntival melhorou os sintomas de olho seco, avaliados por meio do questionário Ocular Surface Disease Index, mas não houve melhora estatisticamente significativa na avaliação objetiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Dry Eye Syndromes/drug therapy , Sjogren's Syndrome/drug therapy , Adalimumab/administration & dosage , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Sjogren's Syndrome/complications , Prospective Studies , Conjunctiva , Injections, Intraocular/methods , Adalimumab/therapeutic use
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0047, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387966

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Com o advento do cenário pandêmico causado pelo SARS-CoV-2, no início do ano de 2020, foi notado um vasto quadro clínico entre os indivíduos infectados. Dentre os sintomas oculares mais comuns ocasionados pela COVID-19, o olho seco tornou-se bastante prevalente nesse meio. O estudo do tipo revisão narrativa busca avaliar os fatores de risco associados ao surgimento ou à intensificação dos quadros de olho seco na população durante o período pandêmico. A partir da análise bibliográfica, foi descrita a influência da ventilação por pressão positiva, do uso de máscaras de forma incorreta e de telas eletrônicas e da ansiedade e da depressão como fatores predisponentes ao desenvolvimento da doença do olho seco. No entanto, ainda é notada a necessidade de estudos mais explicativos para estabelecer a relação direta entre a causalidade dos fatores.


ABSTRACT With the advent of the pandemic scenario caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the beginning of the year 2020, a vast clinical picture was noticed among the infected individuals. Among the most common eye symptoms caused by Covid-19, dry eye (DE) has become quite prevalent in this environment. The narrative review study seeks to assess the risk factors associated with the emergence or intensification of DE conditions in the population during the pandemic period. A literature review showed the influence of positive pressure ventilation, incorrect use of masks, as well as electronic screens, in addition to anxiety and depression as predisposing factors for the development of dry eye disease. However, the need for more explanatory studies and for establishing a direct relationship between the causality of the factors is still noted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , COVID-19/complications , Anxiety/complications , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Computer Terminals , Depression/complications , Pandemics , Screen Time , SARS-CoV-2 , Masks/adverse effects
3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0044, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387972

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of two different doses of topical cyclosporine A used in addition to artificial tears in the treatment of patients with meibomian dysfunction and secondary dry eye. Methods: Fifty patients aged 18 to 40 years, who presented to our clinic between June 2020 and June 2021 were included in our study. Patients were divided into two groups as Group A (topical cyclosporine A 0.05%) and Group B (topical cyclosporine A 0.1%). All the patients underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination, basal Ocular Surface Disease Index measurement, and Schirmer 1 and tear break-up time tests at all visits. Results: The mean age was 32±7.1 years in Group A and 30.7±8.5 years in Group B. In Group A, there were 15 women and ten men, and Group B consisted of 14 women and 11 men. There was no difference between the groups in terms of age and gender distribution (p>0.05). Schirmer 1 and tear break-up time results and Ocular Surface Disease Index score also did not significantly differ between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Cyclosporine A 0.05% and 0.1% eye drops were both seen to be effective in managing dry eye disease in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia clínica de duas doses diferentes de ciclosporina A tópica utilizada além da lágrima artificial no tratamento de pacientes com disfunção da glândula tarsal e olho seco secundário. Métodos: No estudo, foram incluídos 50 pacientes com idades entre 18 e 40 anos, que se apresentaram em nossa clínica entre junho de 2020 e junho de 2021. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo A (ciclosporina A 0,05% tópica) e Grupo B (ciclosporina A 0,1% tópica). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico detalhado, medição basal do Índice de Doença da Superfície Ocular, e testes de Schirmer 1 e de tempo de ruptura em todas as visitas. Resultados: A idade média foi de 32±7,1 anos no Grupo A e 30,7±8,5 anos no Grupo B. No Grupo A, havia 15 mulheres e dez homens, e o Grupo B consistia de 14 mulheres e 11 homens. Não havia diferença significativa entre os grupos em termos de distribuição por idade e gênero (p>0,05). Os resultados do Schirmer 1 e do tempo de ruptura e do Índice de Doenças da Superfície Ocular também não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos (p>0,05). Conclusão: Observou-se que os colírios de ciclosporina A 0,05% e 0,1% são eficazes no tratamento da síndrome do olho seco em pacientes com disfunção da glândula tarsal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Dry Eye Syndromes/drug therapy , Cyclosporine/administration & dosage , Ophthalmic Solutions , Ophthalmic Solutions/therapeutic use , Tears/metabolism , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Meibomian Gland Dysfunction/complications
4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0054, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387978

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose Evaluate blue-violet light filter and additional power of +0.40 D in the near zone ophthalmic lenses, on convergence, accommodative functions, and symptoms of digital asthenopia (DA). Methods Randomized study in cross-over design conducted on 49 volunteers (age, 29 ± 5.5 years; male: female, 18:31). Each subject wore test (+0.40 D in the near zone) and control lenses (regular single vision) for 4 weeks in randomized order. Both lenses had a selective blue-violet light filter. A baseline measurement was taken with the subjects' current updated glasses. Accommodation amplitude (AA) and near point of convergence (NPC) were measured binocularly with the RAF ruler. DA was evaluated by a questionnaire. Results No significant difference (p=.52) was found for AA comparing baseline (11.50±1.88 D), test (11.61± 1.62 D), and control SV lenses (11.88±1.50 D). No significant difference was found for NPC (p=.94), between baseline (6.50 ± 2.89cm), test (6.71± 3.49) and control SV lenses (6.82± 3.50 cm). No significant difference was found comparing test and control SV lenses in symptoms of DA (p=0.20). Conclusions The +0.40 D lenses have no negative impact on convergence or loss of accommodation power. The +0.40 D and control SV lenses had a similar impact on attenuating symptoms of DA.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do uso de lentes oftálmicas com filtro seletivo de luz azul-violeta, sem e com poder adicional de + 0,4D na zona de perto nas funções de acomodação e convergência e para sintomas de astenopia digital (AD). Métodos Ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e mascarado, com 49 voluntários (idade, 29 ± 5,5 anos; masculino: feminino, 18: 31). Cada participante usou lentes de teste (+0,40 D na zona de perto) e controle (visão simples), por 4 semanas de forma randomizada. Ambas as lentes tinham filtro seletivo de luz azul-violeta. A medição inicial (baseline) foi feita com os óculos atualizados de cada participante. A amplitude de acomodação (AA) e o ponto de convergência próximo (PPC) foram medidos binocularmente com a régua RAF. A AD foi avaliada por um questionário. Resultados Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,52) para as medidas de AA comparando as lentes baseline (11,50±1,88 D), teste (11,61±1,62 D) e controle VS (11,88±1,50 D). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada para a medida do PPC (p=0,94), entre as lentes baseline (6,50 ± 2,89cm), teste (6,71±3,49) e controle VS (6,82±3,50 cm). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada comparando lentes teste de VS e controle nos sintomas de AD (p=0,20). Conclusões As lentes com +0,40 D não têm impacto negativo na convergência ou na perda de acomodação. As lentes +0,40 D e controle VS, tiveram impacto semelhante na redução dos sintomas de AD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Lighting/adverse effects , Computers , Asthenopia/prevention & control , Eyeglasses , Filtration/instrumentation , Light/adverse effects , User-Computer Interface , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/prevention & control , Random Allocation , Asthenopia/etiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Computers, Handheld , Smartphone , Accommodation, Ocular/physiology
5.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 61(3): 401-408, ago. 2021. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1400105

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la literatura existente sobre el SVI y sus afectaciones a las personas producto por alta exposición a equipos electrónicos generados por la pandemia del COVID-19 El tipo de investigación es revisión de literatura, de diseño bibliográfico o documental; el método de investigación empleado fue el de revisión de literatura. La población estuvo constituida por 35 artículos y la muestra de 19 artículos en diversos idiomas, seleccionados de manera intencional de acuerdo a criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente establecidos; las técnicas e instrumentos empleados para el recojo de información fueron el análisis documental, y el fichaje y la computadora respectivamente. Entre los principales resultados se tiene que el SVI tiene gran prevalencia en personas que tienen gran periodo de exposición a pantallas de dispositivos electrónicos, asimismo, vinculados a fallas en las condiciones ergonómicas en sus estaciones de trabajo o estudio. Se concluye, el promedio de prevalencia del SVI en los artículos revisados es de 73.2%, siendo el máximo 98.7% y el mínimo 50%, siendo más frecuente en mujeres; respecto a los síntomas más frecuente que se presentan se tienen: dolor en ojos, cansancio visual o visión borrosa, picazón, sequedad en los ojos, sensación de empeoramiento de la vista, lagrimeo y párpados pesados(AU)


The objective of this article is to analyze the existing literature on IVS and its effects on people as a result of high exposure to electronic equipment generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The type of research is literature review, bibliographic or documentary design; the research method used was the literature review. The population consisted of 35 articles and the sample of 19 articles in various languages, intentionally selected according to previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria; the techniques and instruments used for the collection of information were the documentary analysis, and the signing and the computer respectively. Among the main results is that SVI has a high prevalence in people who have a long period of exposure to electronic device screens, also linked to failures in ergonomic conditions in their workstations or study. It is concluded that the average prevalence of SVI in the reviewed articles is 73.2%, the maximum being 98.7% and the minimum 50%, being more frequent in women; Regarding the most frequent symptoms that appear, there are: pain in the eyes, visual fatigue or blurred vision, itching, dry eyes, sensation of worsening of sight, tearing and heavy eyelids(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Review Literature as Topic , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Asthenopia , Eye Diseases/etiology , Screen Time , Prevalence , Risk Factors , COVID-19 , Ergonomics
6.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 78(5): 293-296, Sept.-Oct. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042378

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To study the association of dry eye with lupus disease activity and cumulative damage. To verify if epidemiological, treatment and autoantibody profile of SLE (systemic Lupus erythematosus) patients influence the presence of dry eye. Methods: We studied 70 SLE patients for the presence of dry eye by Schirmer test, disease activity by SLEDAI (SLE-Disease activity index) and cumulative damage by SLICC/ACR DI (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index). Patients were also submitted to the OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) questionnaire. Epidemiological and treatment data and autoantibody profile were extracted from the charts. Results: Dry eye by Schirmer test was present in 51.4% of the sample. No association of the presence of dry eye with SLEDAI and SLICC DI were found (p = ns). Subjective symptoms of dry eye measured by OSDI showed a modest correlation with SLEDAI (Spearman rho = 0.32). Treatment profile did not influence in the presence of dry eye that was more common in older patients (p < 0.0001). Anti dsDNA had a negative association with the presence of positive Schirmer test (p = 0.0008). Conclusions: Dry eye detected by Schirmer test in SLE patients has no association with disease activity nor cumulative damage. Anti dsDNA seems to have a protective effect in this context.


Resumo Objetivos: Estudar a associação do olho seco com a atividade do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e seus danos cumulativos. Verificar se o perfil epidemiológico, de tratamento e de auto anticorpos de pacientes com LES influencia a presença de olho seco. Métodos: Foram estudados 70 pacientes com LES para a presença de olho seco pelo teste de Schirmer, atividade da doença por SLEDAI (SLE Disease Activity Index) e dano cumulativo por SLICC/ACR DI (Clínicas Colaborativas Internacionais de Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index). Os pacientes também foram submetidos ao questionário OSDI (índice de doenças da superfície ocular). Os dados epidemiológicos e de tratamento e o perfil de auto anticorpos foram extraídos dos prontuários. Resultados: Olho seco pelo teste de Schirmer esteve presente em 51,4% da amostra. Nenhuma associação da presença de olho seco com SLEDAI e SLICC/ACR DI foi encontrada (p = ns). Os sintomas subjetivos do olho seco medidos por OSDI mostraram uma correlação modesta com SLEDAI (Rho de Spearman = 0,32) . O perfil do tratamento não influenciou na presença de olho seco que era mais comum em uns pacientes mais idosos (p < 0, 1). Anti dsDNA teve uma associação negativa com a presença de teste positivo de Schirmer (p = 0, 8). Conclusões: Olho seco detectado pelo teste de Schirmer em pacientes com LES não tem associação com atividade da doença nem dano cumulativo. Anti dsDNA parece ter um efeito protetor neste contexto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/immunology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/therapy , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Autoantibodies , Tears/metabolism , Severity of Illness Index , DNA/immunology , Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(4): 283-288, July-Aug. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019417

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: We aimed to assess ocular surface characteristics in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis without thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and compare the results with those of healthy children. Methods: Twenty-two children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Group 1) and 20 healthy children without any ocular and/or systemic disorder (Group 2) were enrolled in the study. Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, tear film osmolarity measurement (TearLab Osmolarity System, San Diego, CA, USA), Schirmer and tear film breakup time tests, meibography, and conjunctival brush cytology were performed and compared the results between the groups. Results: The study group included 19 girls and 3 boys in Group 1 and 12 girls and 8 boys in Group 2 (p=0.081). Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy was not identified in any of the patients. Mean tear film osmolarity was 310.23 ± 11.98 mOsm/l in Group 1 and 313.60 ± 15.03 mOsm/l in Group 2 (p=0.424). Mean Schirmer test score was lower in Group 1 (14.91 ± 6.27) compared with Group 2 (23.60 ± 5.63) (p=0.001). Mean tear film breakup time was lower in Group 1 (11.78 ± 4.07) compared with Group 2 (15.1 ± 1.6) (p=0.013). Moreover, mean meibomian gland area loss was 25.01% ± 10.04% in Group 1 and 16.54% ± 6.02% in Group 2 (p=0.002). Conjunctival cytologic analysis in Group 1 revealed grade 0 changes in 6 patients (27.3%), grade 1 changes in 14 patients (63.6%), and grade 2 changes in 2 patients (9.1%), whereas 18 patients (90%) had grade 0 changes and 2 patients (10%) had grade 1 changes (p=0.001) in Group 2. Conclusions: The study demonstrates several ocular surface changes in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These findings may indicate a tendency for dry eye in pediatric Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients without clinical evidence of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as características da superfície ocular em crianças com tireoidite de Hashimoto sem oftalmopatia associada à tireoide e comparar os resultados com aqueles de crianças saudáveis. Métodos: Vinte e duas crianças com tireoidite de Hashimoto (Grupo 1) e 20 crianças saudáveis sem qualquer distúrbio ocular e/ou sistêmico (Grupo 2) participaram do estudo. Utilizou-se o questionário Índice da Doença da Superfície Ocular, medida de osmolaridade do filme lacrimal (Tearlab Osmolarity System, San Diego, CA, EUA), teste de Schirmer e tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, meibografia e citologia do raspado conjuntival e comparação dos resultados entre os grupos. Resultados: O grupo de estudo incluiu 19 meninas e 3 meninos no Grupo 1 e 12 meninas e 8 meninos no Grupo 2 (p=0,081). A oftalmopatia associada à tireoide não foi identificada em nenhum dos pacientes. A média da osmolari­dade do filme lacrimal foi 310,23 ± 11,98 mOsm/l no Grupo 1 e 313,60 ± 15,03 mOsm/l no Grupo 2 (p=0,424). A média do escore do teste de Schirmer foi menor no Grupo 1 (14,91 ± 6,27) do que no Grupo 2 (23,60 ± 5,63) (p=0,001). A média do tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal foi menor no Grupo 1 (11,78 ± 4,07) em comparação com o Grupo 2 (15,1 ± 1,6) (p=0,013). Além disso, a média da perda de área da glândula meibomiana foi 25,01% ± 10,04% no Grupo 1 e 16,54% ± 6,02% no Grupo 2 (p=0,002). A análise da citologia conjuntival no Grupo 1 revelou alterações de grau 0 em 6 pacientes (27,3%), alterações de grau 1 em 14 pacientes (63,6%) e alterações de grau 2 em 2 pacientes (9,1%), enquanto 18 pacientes (90%) com alteração de grau 0 e 2 pacientes (10%) com alteração de grau 1 (p=0,001) no Grupo 2. Conclusões: O estudo demonstra várias alterações da superfície ocular em crianças com tireoidite de Hashimoto. Esses achados podem indicar uma tendência para olho seco em pacientes pediátricos com tireoidite de Hashimoto, sem evidências clínicas de oftalmopatia associada à tireoide.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Dry Eye Syndromes/pathology , Conjunctiva/pathology , Hashimoto Disease/pathology , Reference Values , Tears/physiology , Severity of Illness Index , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hashimoto Disease/complications , Hashimoto Disease/physiopathology , Meibomian Glands/pathology
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(3): 214-219, May-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001304

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effects of suturing 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomies on ocular discomfort and tear film dynamics. Methods: This retrospective chart review involved data from 50 procedures in 50 patients who underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy from January to November 2016. We divided the eyes into two groups according to the presence or absence of sutures; 35 eyes underwent sutureless vitrectomies (Group 1), and 15 eyes underwent vitrectomy with at least one sclerotomy suture site (Group 2). In each group, we assessed objective variables including tear film break-up time, Schirmer test I, corneal surface grading with Oxford system, and a quantitative method evaluating subjective dry eye symptoms using ocular surface disease index questionnaires preoperatively 1 week, and 1 and 3 months after surgery. Results: The tear film break-up time showed a significant difference at the 3-months follow-up (p=0.026). The Schirmer test I and corneal surface staining score showed no statistically significant differences between two groups at any time after the operations. The ocular surface disease index score was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 at 1 week (p=0.032), 1 month (p=0.026), and 3 months (p=0.041) after the operation. Conclusion: Sclerotomy suturing caused ocular discomfort and had a negative effect on tear film dynamics during the late postoperative period. Sclerotomies without suturing seem to reduce the ocular surface changes.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da sutura da vitrectomia via pars plana de 23-gauge sobre o desconforto ocular e a dinâmica do filme lacrimal. Métodos: Esta revisão retrospectiva de prontuários envolveu dados de 50 casos em 50 pacientes submetidos à vitrectomia via pars plana de 23-gauge, de janeiro a novembro de 2016. Dividimos os olhos em dois grupos de acordo com a presença ou ausência de suturas; 35 olhos foram submetidos à vitrectomia sem sutura (Grupo 1) e 15 olhos foram submetidos à vitrectomia com pelo menos um ponto de sutura no local da esclerotomia (Grupo 2). Em cada grupo, avaliamos variáveis objetivas incluindo tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, teste de Schirmer I, gradação da superfície corneana com o sistema Oxford e um método quantitativo avaliando sintomas subjetivos de olho seco usando questionários de índice de doença da superfície ocular nos períodos: 1 semana do pré-operatório, 1 mês e 3 meses após a cirurgia. Resultados: O tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal apresentou diferença significativa no seguimento de 3 meses (p=0,026). O teste de Schirmer I e o escore da coloração da superfície da córnea não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos em nenhum momento após as operações. O escore do índice de doença da superfície ocular foi significativamente menor no Grupo 1 em relação ao Grupo 2 no período de 1 semana (p=0,032), 1 mês (p=0,026) e 3 meses (p=0,041) após a cirurgia. Conclusão: A sutura da esclerotomia causou desconforto ocular e teve um efeito negativo na dinâmica do filme lacrimal durante o período pós-operatório. Esclerotomias sem sutura parecem reduzir as alterações da superfície ocular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tears/physiology , Vitrectomy/adverse effects , Sclerostomy/adverse effects , Suture Techniques/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Time Factors , Vitrectomy/methods , Sclerostomy/methods , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/physiopathology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Suture Techniques/instrumentation , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric
9.
Adv Rheumatol ; 59: 58, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088581

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic immune-mediated disease whose main characteristic is exocrine gland inflammation and, subsequent reduction in tear and saliva production. A delayed diagnosis is common due to the nonspecific clinical manifestations of disease. The aim of the present study was to develop recommendations for the diagnosis of glandular manifestations of pSS based on evidence and expert opinion. Main body of the abstract: We conducted a systematic literature review to retrieve the best evidence available on the accuracy of diagnostic tests for pSS. We also held two in-person meetings with experts (rheumatologists, pathologists, ophthalmologists and dentists) to establish their level of agreement using the Delphi method. Ultimately, we generated 18 recommendations that aim to facilitate the diagnosis of the glandular manifestations of pSS. Conclusion: The diagnosis of glandular manifestations of pSS is complex and multidisciplinary. It requires specific knowledge in the field of ophthalmology, immunology, pathology and imaging, making it compulsory for the rheumatologist to work with professionals from these different areas in order to improve accuracy and early diagnosis. Glandular dysfunction tests, ANA, RF, Anti-Ro, protein electrophoresis, urinalysis, blood count, C-Reactive protein, complement, testing for syphilis and viruses (HCV, HIV) and SGUS should be investigated when dryness or systemic manifestation are present. Minor salivary gland biopsy is recommended for all anti-Ro negative or incomplete criteria cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis , Rheumatology , Salivary Gland Diseases/diagnosis , Salivary Glands/diagnostic imaging , Salivation , Societies, Medical , Xerostomia/diagnosis , Xerostomia/etiology , Brazil , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Sjogren's Syndrome/complications , Delphi Technique , Ultrasonography , Consensus , Dentists , Positron-Emission Tomography , Ophthalmologists , Pathologists , Rheumatologists
10.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 71(3): 1162-1169, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-958627

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyse the concept of Dry Eye Syndrome in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU). Method: This is a concept analysis, according to Walker's and Avant's method, conducted using an integrative review, through search in the database. Science Direct, Scopus, Cinahl, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane and Web of Science. The following keywords were used: "Keratoconjuntivite Sicca", "Risk Factors", "Dry eye Syndromes" and "Intensive Care Units". After selection, 85 articles have been kept. Results: Antecedents found: age, lagophthalmos, environmental factors, use of medications, systemic diseases, mechanical ventilation and eye surgeries. Attributes: Tear Break-up Time < 10 s, Schirmer's test I < 10 mm, Schirmer's test II < 5 mm and signs and symptoms. Consequents: eye damage and discomfort; unstable vision. The Model Case and the Contrary Case were used to illustrate it. Conclusion: The research provided clarification of the concept and consequent understanding of the Dry Eye Syndrome, which is preventable especially in ICU.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el concepto del Ojo Seco en pacientes hospitalizados en Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Método: Esto es un análisis de concepto, según el método de Walker y Avant, operacionalizado mediante revisión integrativa por medio de la búsqueda en las bases de datos: Science Direct, Scopus, Cinahl, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane e Web of Science. Fueron utilizados los descriptores: "Queratoconjuntivitis Seca", "Factores de Riesgo", "Síndromes del Ojo Seco" y "Unidades de Terapia Intensiva". Después de la selección, resultaron 85 artículos. Resultados: Identificamos como antecedentes: edad, lagoftalmia, factores ambientales, uso de medicamentos, enfermedades sistémicas, ventilación mecánica y cirugías oftalmológicas. Atributos: Tear Break-up Time < 10 s, test de Schirmer I < 10 mm, test de Schirmer II < 5 mm y señales y síntomas. Consecuencias: daño e incomodidad a la superficie ocular, inestabilidad visual. Como representación se presentó el Caso Modelo y el Caso Contrario. Conclusión: El estudio posibilitó clarificación del concepto y consecuente entendimiento del fenómeno, lo cual es evitable, sobre todo en la UTI.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conceito de Olho Seco em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Método: Trata-se de uma análise de conceito, segundo método de Walker e Avant, operacionalizada mediante revisão integrativa por meio da busca nas bases de dados: Science Direct, Scopus, Cinahl, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane e Web of Science. Foram utilizados os descritores: "Keratoconjuntivite Sicca", "Risk Factors", "Dry eye Syndromes" e "Intensive Care Units". Após seleção, resultaram 85 artigos. Resultados: Identificaram-se como antecedentes: idade, lagoftalmia, fatores ambientais, uso de medicamentos, doenças sistêmicas, ventilação mecânica e cirurgias oftálmicas. Atributos: Tear Break-up Time < 10 s, teste de Schimer I < 10 mm, teste de Schimer II < 5 mm e sinais e sintomas. Consequentes: dano e desconforto à superfície ocular, instabilidade visual. Como ilustração apresentaram-se o Caso Modelo e o Caso Contrário. Conclusão: O estudo promoveu clarificação do conceito e consequente entendimento do fenômeno, o qual é evitável, sobretudo na UTI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dry Eye Syndromes/complications , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Eye Diseases/surgery , Eye Diseases/complications , Intensive Care Units/organization & administration
11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(4): 247-251, July-Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888131

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify and evaluate changes in the ocular surface in obese patients with bariatric surgery. Methods: The study included 89 randomly selected patients; 81 (91.0%) were women, 35 were preoperative, 32 were included 0-12 months after surgery, and 22 were included >12 months after surgery. All patients completed a dry eye-specific questionnaire and were evaluated by the tear ferning test, tear-film breakup time (BUT), Schirmer's test I, examination of the ocular surface by 1% rose Bengal staining, and impression cytology. Patients were questioned about compliance with nutritional supplementation. Results: The pre- and postoperative groups did not differ significantly in age (p=0.082), but did differ in body mass index (p<0.001). All test values are within the normal range and there was no statistically significant difference in ocular surface disease index score between the preoperative and postoperative periods. The mean tear-film BUT was lower than that considered normal (10 s) at each time it was tested. No statistically significant group differences were observed in Schirmer's test, BUT, rose Bengal staining, or impression cytology. A high rate of noncompliance with nutritional supplementation was observed. Conclusions: No symptoms of xerophthalmia developed in this series of bariatric surgery patients. No changes were observed in any of the specific tests used to evaluate the ocular surface up to 5 years after surgery compared with presurgery results.


RESUMO Objetivos: Analisar os resultados dos testes de avialiação da superfície ocular em pacientes com obesidade submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e identificar a presença e intensidades das alterações oculares após cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: O estudo foi composto de 89 pacientes, amostra randômica, sendo 81 mulheres (91,0%). Os pacientes foram agrupados com relação à relação da cirurgia bariátrica: pré-operatório (35 pacientes), pós-operatório 0 a 12 meses (32 pacientes) e mais de 12 meses (22 pacientes). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a seguinte sequencia de exames: questionário olho seco específico, teste de cristalização do filme lacrimal, teste da tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, Schirmer teste I, avaliação da superfície ocular usando rosa bengala, citologia de impressão. Os pacientes foram questionados quanto ao uso da suplementação nutricional. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos quanto à idade (p=0,082). BMI foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos (p<0,001). Quanto ao OSDI, os valores foram normais, sem diferença estatística entre os períodos pré-operatório e pós-operatório. A média do tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal foi abaixo do considerado normal (10 segundos) em todos os momentos avaliados. Não houve di ferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos com relação aos exames: teste de Schirmer, BUT, biomicroscopia com rosa bengala 1% e citologia de impressão. Elevada taxa de uso incorreto da suplementação nutricional foi encontrada (73%). Conclusão: Não houve surgimento de sintomas de xeroftalmia nos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e não foram encontrados alterações em nenhum teste utilizado para avaliar a superfície ocular em cinco anos após a cirurgia em comparação com os pacientes antes da cirurgia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Xerophthalmia/diagnosis , Xerophthalmia/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Treatment Outcome , Obesity/surgery
12.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 6(1): 45-54, jun. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1096925

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de disfunción de la película lagrimal mejor conocido como ojo seco, por su variación clínico patológica conlleva a un subregistro en los pacientes, por lo que es necesario la valoración en nuestra consulta, para determinar varios aspectos en torno a la patología y su prevalencia en los pacientes del servicio de reumatología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Métodos: fue de tipo observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, evaluando pacientes con patologías reumatológicas que acudieron a la consulta en el servicio de oftalmología, la muestra fue de 59 pacientes con antecedentes reumatológicos, que no presentaron síntomas específicos de ojo seco del servicio de reumatología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, durante el período junio 2013 ­ diciembre 2013.Se empleó la técnica de encuesta mediante un instrumento de recolección de datos tipo cuestionario que permitió identificar signos, síntomas y se logró medir cuantitativa y cualitativamente la secreción lagrimal y el grado de daño epitelial. Resultados: Se observó una prevalencia de 41,9 % del Síndrome Sjögren siendo más común en el sexo femenino y 44,8 % cursaban con SDPL, siendo más frecuente en el Síndrome de Sjögren. Asimismo 64,3 % de los pacientes con SDPL leve se encontraban sin tratamiento. Por su parte, 71,4 % de los pacientes con SDPL pertenecen al Síndrome de Sjögren. Conclusiones: El síndrome de disfunción de la película lagrimal es una entidad muy frecuente que debe tenerse presente siempre en patologías reumatológicas, y su control es esencial para la calidad visual del paciente(AU)


Syndrome of dysfunction of tear film as all too dry eye, for is relation pathologic clinic that begin to sub register in the patients, for that reason in necessary have a register in consult, for determine some aspects in relation with the illness and prevalence of tear film dysfunction in the patients of the rheumatology service University hospital of Caracas. Methods: The investigation was observation type, descriptive court traversal, evaluating patients on rheumatology pathologic that go to our ophthalmologist service. The total patients was 59 with antecedent rheumatologic, without specific symptoms of dry eye of the rheumatology service University Hospital of Caracas between June to December 2013. Using an assessment through an instrument of recollection information for tis way identify tool signs, symptoms were identified and managed quantitatively and qualitatively measure tear secretion and the degree of epithelial damage Results: The prevalence of 41.9 % of Sjögren 's syndrome is more common in females and 44.8 % were enrolled with SDPL, being more common in Sjögren's syndrome was observed. Also 64.3 % of patients with mild SDPL were untreated. Meanwhile, 71.4 % of patients with SDPL belong to Sjögren's syndrome. Conclusions: The syndrome of the tear film dysfunction is a very common condition that must be always present in rheumatologic diseases, and their control is essential for the patient's visual quality(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/physiopathology , Lacrimal Apparatus/physiopathology , Rheumatology , Sjogren's Syndrome
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(1): 57-58, Jan.-Feb. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838775

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Accidental removal of the lacrimal gland is a rare complication of ptosis surgery. We report two children who underwent large unilateral levator palpebrae superioris resections (LPSr). After surgery, both patients developed dry eye. Post-operatively, the parents of both patients noticed no tears in the affected eye when their child cried. Computed tomography proved the absence of the lacrimal gland in the operated eye in both patients. Oculoplastic surgeons should pay close attention to the anatomy of the levator muscle and its proximity to surrounding tissues in order to avoid lesions on important orbital structures, including the lacrimal gland, and to avoid the development of long-term dry eye.


RESUMO A remoção acidental da glândula lacrimal é uma complicação rara da cirurgia de ptose. Relatamos duas crianças que foram submetidas à grandes ressecções unilaterais do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior que desenvolveram olho seco após a cirurgia. No pós-operatório, os pais notaram ausência de secreção lacrimal durante o choro no olho operado. Tomografia computadorizada de órbitas comprovou ausência da glândula lacrimal no olho submetido à cirurgia, em ambos os casos. Cirurgiões oculoplásticos devem estar atentos à anatomia do músculo levantador e estruturas relacionadas para evitar lesões em importantes estruturas orbitais como as da glândula lacrimal que podem induzir permanente olho seco.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Blepharophimosis/surgery , Medical Errors/adverse effects , Lacrimal Apparatus/injuries , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Lacrimal Apparatus/diagnostic imaging
14.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(1): 1-3, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838774

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate tear osmolarity, tear film function, and ocular surface changes in patients with psoriasis. Methods: At a single center, 30 eyes of 30 patients with psoriasis (group 1) and 30 eyes of 30 healthy individuals (group 2) were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (TBUT) test, scoring of ocular surface fluorescein staining using a modified Oxford scale, and tear osmolarity measurement. Results: Tear osmolarity values, OSDI, and Oxford scale scores were significantly higher in group 1 (309.8 ± 9.4 mOsm, 38.9 ± 1.1, and 0.7 ± 1.1, respectively) than in group 2 (292.7 ± 7.7 mOsm, 4.2 ± 0.3, and 0.1 ± 0.3, respectively; p<0.01 for all). TBUT was significantly lower in group 1 (8.7 ± 3.6 s) than in group 2 (18.1 ± 2.8 s; p<0.001). No significant differences were detected in Schirmer I test values between the groups (16.2 ± 2.5 mm in group 1 and 16.6 ± 2.3 mm in group 2; p=0.629). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that psoriasis may influence tear osmolarity and tear film function. Patients with psoriasis showed tear hyperosmolarity and tear film dysfunction.


RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a osmolaridade da lágrima, função do filme lacrimal e alterações da superfície ocular em pacientes com psoríase. Método: Em um único centro, 30 olhos de 30 pacientes com psoríase (grupo 1) e 30 olhos de 30 indivíduos saudáveis (grupo 2) foram avaliados pelo questionário do Índice de Doença da Superfície Ocular (OSDI), teste de Schirmer tipo I, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal (TBUT), coloração por fluoresceína da superfície ocular utilizando a escala de Oxford modificada e osmolaridade lacrimal. Resultados: Os valores de osmolaridade lacrimal, OSDI e escores da escala de Oxford foram significativamente maiores no grupo 1 (309,8 ± 9,4 mOsm, 38,9 ± 1,1 e 0,7 ± 1,1, respectivamente) em comparação com o grupo 2 (292,7 ± 7,7 mOsm, 4,2 ± 0,3 e 0,1 ± 0,3, respectivamente) (p<0,01 para todos). TBUT no grupo 1 (8,7 ± 3,6 s) foi significativamente menor em comparação com o grupo 2 (18,1 ± 2,8 s) (p<0,001). Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas nos valores de teste de Schirmer (16,2 ± 2,5 mm no grupo 1 e 16,6 ± 2,3 mm no grupo 2, p=0,629). Conclusões: Este estudo mostrou que a psoríase pode influenciar osmolaridade lágrima e função do filme lacrimal. Os pacientes com psoríase apresentaram hiperosmolaridade lágrima e disfunção do filme lacrimal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Psoriasis/complications , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Osmolar Concentration , Psoriasis/physiopathology , Tears/chemistry , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fluorescein
15.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 75(5): 380-384, sept.-out. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-798073

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Hormonal changes can affect tear function. This study evaluates tear function and impact of hyperandrogenism on it in PCOS patients. Methods: Fifty patients with PCOS and thirty control volunteers were examined for tear break-up time, Schirmer-I and tear osmolarity. Also, serum levels of total testosterone, FSH, LH and AMH were determined in venous blood samples in the early follicular phase. PCOS patients were divided into two groups by plasma total testosterone level: Group A with normal (≤0.513 ng/ml;n=27), Group B with higher hormone level (>0.513 ng/ml;n=23). Healthy control group indicated as Group C (n=30). Results: LH, total testosterone levels were higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (p=0.012; p=0.025). Mean values of tear break-up time and Schirmer-I were different between groups and especially Group A and C were near to each other differing from B (p>0.05). Tear osmolarity results were higher in Group B, compared to A and C (p=0.049; p=0.033). No significant difference detected in tear osmolarity value means of Group A and C (p=0.107). AMH levels were higher in Group B, compared to A and C (p=0.002; p=0.001). AMH levels in Group A were higher than that of C (p=0.002). Positive correlation between levels of total testosterone and AMH was detected in all PCOS patients (n=50;Pearson's r=0.579; p<0.001). Conclusion: Tear function can be affected in PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism. Tear osmolarity is the most sensitive and objective assessment method for ocular surface changes in PCOS.


RESUMO Objetivo: A síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP) é uma doença endócrina caracterizada por anovulação crônica e hiperandrogenismo. As alterações hormonais podem afetar a função cardíaca. Este estudo avalia a função lacrimal e o impacto do hiperandrogenismo sobre ela em pacientes com SOP. Métodos: Cinquenta pacientes com SOP e trinta voluntárias de controle foram examinadas para tempo de ruptura lacrimal, Schirmer-I e osmolaridade lacrimal. Além disso, os níveis séricos de testosterona total, FSH, LH e HAM foram determinados em amostras de sangue venoso na fase folicular precoce.As pacientes com SOP foram divididas em dois grupos por nível de testosterona plasmática total: Grupo A com nível normal (≤0.513 ng/ml; n = 27), Grupo B com nível superior de hormônio (> 0,513 ng/ml; n = 23). Grupo de controle saudável indicado como Grupo C (n = 30). Resultados: Os níveis de LH e testosterona total foram maiores no grupo com SOP do que no grupo controle (p = 0,012; p = 0,025). Os valores médios de tempo de ruptura lacrimal e Schirmer-I foram diferentes entre os grupos, e especialmente os Grupos A e C estavam próximos um do outro, diferente do B (p > 0,05). Os resultados de osmolaridade lacrimal foram maiores no Grupo B, em comparação com A e C (p = 0,049; p = 0,033). Não houve diferença significativa detectada em valor médio de osmolaridade lacrimal nos Grupos A e C (p = 0,107). Os níveis de HAM foram maiores no Grupo B, em comparação com A e C (p = 0,002; p = 0,001). Os níveis de AMH no Grupo A foram superiores aos de C (p = 0,002). Uma correlação positiva entre os níveis de testosterona total e AMH foi detectada em todas as pacientes com SOP (n = 50; Pearson's r = 0,579; p < 0,001). Conclusão: a função lacrimal pode ser afetada em pacientes com SOP com hiperandrogenismo. A osmolaridade lacrimal é o método de avaliação mais sensível e objetivo para alterações da superfície ocular em SOP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Osmolar Concentration , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications , Tears/physiology , Hyperandrogenism/complications , Meibomian Glands/physiology , Tears/metabolism , Testosterone/blood , Luteinizing Hormone/blood , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Hyperandrogenism/etiology , Anti-Mullerian Hormone/blood , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood
16.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 75(2): 121-126, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-779976

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was carried out in order to assess the epidemiological profile of symptomatic dry eye in diabetic patients. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-one diabetic patients were evaluated using a specific questionnaire about other diseases and drugs. Of these, 58 who classified as having moderate to severe dry eye were included. Results: In this study, 58 of the 221 diabetic patients had moderate to severe dry eye (26.2%). Of the 58 patients, dry eye was more prevalent at age 61.46 ± 14.18 years for men, and 61.09 ± 10.64 for women (p<0.005). Dry eye was more common in women (75.9%) (p=0.456). Of the 58 patients, 15 (25.9%) had at least one ocular disease.The most common was diabetic retinopathy (13 of 15 patients, 86.7%, 95% CI 69.46-103.87). A total of 19 patients used eye drops (32.8%); and most (14 of the 19 individuals, 73.7%) used lubricants (95%CI 53.88-93.48). Hypertension was the most prevalent associated comorbidity (56.9%) and the most commonly used medications were hypoglycemic agents (98 %, 95%CI 94.00 - 101.92) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (53.1%, 95%CI 53.06 39.09 - 67.04). Conclusion: Further epidemiologic studies need to be done to establish a real etiologic relationship between diabetes and dry eye, and its correlation to other risk factors. In spite of these limitations, we have strong evidence of this relationship, and in clinical practice, examination for dry eye should be part of the assessment of diabetic disease.


RESUMO Objetivo: O estudo foi realizado para descrever o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes diabéticos com olho seco sintomático. Métodos: Duzentos e vinte e um pacientes diabéticos foram avaliados por meio de questionário específico sobre outras doenças e medicamentos. Destes, 58 foram diagnosticados com olho seco moderado a severo e foram incluídos no estudo. Resultados: Neste estudo, 58 dos 221 pacientes diabéticos tinham olho seco moderado a severo (26,2%). Dos 58 pacientes, o olho seco, foi mais prevalente na faixa etária de 61,46 ± 14,18 anos para os homens e 61,09 ± 10,64 para as mulheres (p <0,005). O olho seco foi mais comum em mulheres (75,86%) (p = 0,456). Dos 58 pacientes, 15 (25,9%) tinham pelo menos uma doença ocular. A mais comum foi a retinopatia diabética (13 de 15 pacientes, 86,7%, IC de 95% 69,46-103,87). Um total de 19 pacientes utilizavam colírios (3,8%); lubrificantes foram os mais usados (14 dos 19 indivíduos, 73, 7%, (IC de 95%, 53,88-93,48). A hipertensão foi a doença mais prevalente associada (56.9%) e os medicamentos mais utilizados foram hipoglicemiantes orais (98%, IC 95% 94,00 - 10,92) e inibidores da enzima conversoras da angiotensina (53,1%, IC 95%, 53,06 39,09 - 67,04). Conclusão: Novos estudos epidemiológicos devem ser feitos para avaliar a real relação etiológica entre olho seco e diabetes e sua correlação com outros fatores de risco. Apesar das limitações, temos fortes evidências da relação entre olho seco e diabetes. Na prática clínica, o exame de olho seco deve ser parte da avaliação dos diabéticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/epidemiology , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Visual Acuity , Medical Records , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interviews as Topic , Prospective Studies , Observational Study , Slit Lamp Microscopy
17.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 73(5): 273-278, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-741903

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar a secreção lacrimal, coloração da superfície ocular e estabilidade do filme lacrimal em indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia de PRK e LASIK com laser de femtossegundo (femto LASIK). Métodos: Vinte olhos de 10 pacientes submetidos à técnica de Femto LASIK e 11 olhos de 6 pacientes submetidos à técnica de PRK foram estudados de forma prospectiva, longitudinal e intervencionista. Tempo de rotura do filme lacrimal (TRFL), teste de Schirmer basal e coloração da superfície ocular com lissamina verde foram analisados no pré-operatório (pré), no 15º e no 30º dia pós-operatório (15º pós e 30º pós, respectivamente). Resultados: Agrupando todos os olhos, observou-se que o TRFL reduziu-se de forma estatisticamente significante no 15º pós em relação ao valor pré-operatório (p=0,025), mantendo-se reduzido no 30º pós (p= 0,001); não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o 15º pós e o 30º pós (p=0,219). No teste da lissamina verde, houve aumento significativo desse escore, no 15º pós em relação ao período pré-operatório (p=0,021), havendo, posteriormente, redução no 30º pós (p=0,010). No teste de Schirmer basal, não foi detectada mudança estatisticamente significante ao longo dos três momentos (p=0,107). Comparando-se os testes TRFL, lissamina verde ou Schirmer basal, nos dois grupos estudados (PRK e LASIK), não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em nenhum dos três momentos (pré, 15º pós e 30º pós). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se alteração do filme lacrimal nos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia refrativa, quando foram utilizados os testes de TRFL e lissamina verde. Nas duas técnicas empregadas, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante de alteração do filme lacrimal, quando comparadas entre si (PRK e LASIK). .


Purpose: To evaluate tear film stability, ocular surface staining and tear secretion in patients undergoing PRK and femtosecond laser LASIK. Methods: Twenty eyes of 10 patients submitted to femtosecond laser LASIK and 11 eyes of the 6 patients submitted do PRK underwent tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s basal and lissamine green staining measurements pre and postoperatively on days 15 (PO 15) and 30 (PO 30). Results: When grouping all eyes TBUT was reduced on PO 15 (p=0.025) and on PO 30 (p=0.001) compared to preoperative values. No difference was found between PO 15 and PO 30 (p=0.219). Compared to preoperative measurements, lissamine green test demonstrated a significant increase in score on PO 15 (p=0.021) and a significant reduction on PO 30 (p=0.010), when both groups were analyzed together (all 42 eyes). No changes in Schirmer’s basal test were detected in all 3 time periods (p=0.107). TBUT, lissamine green and Schirmer’s basal measurements were no different in all 3 time periods when both groups (PRK and femtosecond laser LASIK) were compared. Conclusion: TBUT and lissamine green measurements were altered after refractive surgery regardless the technique (PRK or femtosecond laser LASIK). When comparing one technique to the other, no difference was found in all measurements. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Tears/metabolism , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Photorefractive Keratectomy/adverse effects , Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/adverse effects , Lacrimal Apparatus/metabolism , Osmolar Concentration , Postoperative Complications , Staining and Labeling/methods , Surface Tension , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Photorefractive Keratectomy/methods , Fluorescein/administration & dosage , Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/methods , Lasers, Excimer/therapeutic use , Fluorescent Dyes/administration & dosage , Lissamine Green Dyes/administration & dosage
18.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-157540

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dry eye based on dry eye symptoms attending the Department of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Tripura Medical College. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Tripura Medical College, Hapania, Agartala, from 1st December 2009 to 31st December 2010. Complete history and ocular examinations was recorded on a pre designed proforma in the Department of Ophthalmology. The diagnosis was made from history and objective dry eye test in the following sequence: tear meniscus height, tear break up time test,fluorescein staining, schirmer test, and rose Bengal staining. If 2 or more of the above test were positive, the patient was deemed to be suffering from dry eye. All patients were sent to the Dept. of Medicine for systemic examination and to rule out any systemic diseases. Results: In this study, total number of patients that presented with dry eye symptoms were 762 and among them dry eye was diagnosed in 403 patients. The Prevalence rate was 3.10% and it was highest in the age of more than 70 years of age. Females had higher prevalence (1.94%) than males (1.15%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dry eye is less in Tripura at around 3.10%. This may be due to the geographical and climatic implication with a high degree of humidity reigning in this region.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Coloring Agents/diagnosis , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/methods , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/epidemiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Female , Fluorescein/diagnosis , Hospitals , Humans , Male , India , Population , Prevalence , Rose Bengal/diagnosis , Staining and Labeling/methods , Tears/metabolism
19.
Gulf Medical University: Proceedings. 2012; (5-6 November): 22-27
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-142838

ABSTRACT

The extensive use of computers as medium of teaching and learning in Universities necessitates introspection into the extent of computer-related health disorders amongst the student population. There are no documented studies done in this regard in Ajman. This study was undertaken to assess the pattern of computer usage and related visual problems, among University students in Ajman, UAE. A total of 500 Students studying in Gulf Medical University, Ajman and Ajman University of Science and Technology were approached for the study. A pretested and content-validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Demographic characteristics, pattern of usage of computers and associated visual symptoms were recorded in the questionnaire. 471 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between the variables. The crude Odds Ratio [OR] was determined using simple binary logistic regression and adjusted OR was calculated using multiple logistic regressions. The most common vision-related problems reported among computer users were headache, burning sensation in the eyes and dry/tired/sore eyes, with 53.3%, 54.8% and 48% of students reporting the same respectively. Female students were found to be at a higher risk. A significantly higher proportion of respondents [60%] employing a viewing distance of less than 50 cm complained of headache. The incidence of headache [51.7%], dry eyes [34.5%] and burning sensation [44.8] was lower when screen filters were used. Sustained periods of close screen work without screen filters were found to be associated with occurrence of the symptoms and decreased productivity of the students. More attention needs to be given in an attempt to reduce the impact of computer-related vision problems and the interruptions in work


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vision Disorders/prevention & control , Vision Disorders/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/prevention & control , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Attitude to Computers , Ergonomics , Universities , Students , Headache/etiology , Headache/prevention & control , Surveys and Questionnaires , Logistic Models , Chi-Square Distribution
20.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 57(3): 319-322, May-June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-591360

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of the presence of secondary SS with disease activity, duration in RA. METHODS: Eighty two patients with RA were submitted to Schirmer test, minor salivary gland biopsy, questionnaire on sicca symptoms, DAS-28 4v determination. RESULTS: In this population, 20 (24.3 percent) patients fulfilled the American-European classification criteria for secondary SS. No relation could be found between the presence of secondary SS and disease activity (p = 0.31) and RA duration (p = 0.95). CONCLUSION: Appearance of Secondary SS in RA patients is independent of RA duration or activity.


OBJETIVO: Estudar a associação entre presença de SS secundária e atividade e duração da artrite reumatoide. MÉTODOS: Oitenta e dois pacientes com artrite reumatoide foram submetidos ao teste de Schirmer, biópsia de glândula salivar menor, questionários acerca de sintomas de secura e determinação do DAS28 4v. RESULTADOS: Nesta população, 20 (24,3 por cento) dos pacientes preenchiam os Critérios Americanos Europeus para classificação de SS Secundário. Nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre presençade SS secundário e atividade da doença (p = 0.31) e duração da doença (p = 0.95). CONCLUSÃO: O aparecimento de SS secundário em AR é independente da duração e atividade da AR.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Sjogren's Syndrome/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis , Sjogren's Syndrome/drug therapy , Xerostomia/diagnosis , Xerostomia/etiology
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